• Environmental Determinism (has been rejected by almost all geographers) • Possibilism (less accepted today) New Approaches to Human-Environment Questions: • Cultural ecology • Political ecology Create a strong (false) statement about a people and their environment using either environmental determinism or possibilism. The basic motto of geography as a discipline is to understand earth as home to human beings. (a)Determinism (b)Possibilism (c) Stop and Go Determinism.

Possibilism in is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. In used this concept in order to develop alternative approaches to the dominant at that time in ecological studies. Theory by in 64 BC that humans can make things happen by their own intelligence over time. Strabo cautioned against the assumption that nature and actions of humans were determined by the physical environment they inhabited. He observed that humans were the active elements in a human-environmental partnership. The controversy between geographical possibilism and determinism might be considered as one of (at least) three dominant controversies of contemporary geography.

The other two controversies are 1) the 'debate between neopositivists and neokantians about the 'exceptionalism' or the specificity of geography as a science [and 2)] the contention between and about what is—or should be—geography'. Possibilism in geography is, thus, considered as a distinct approach to geographical knowledge, directly opposed to geographical determinism. Irvin yalom carti pdf gratuite.

See also [ ] • References [ ].